Description

A pathological fracture, also known as a pathologic fracture, is a type of bone fracture that occurs as a result of an underlying disease or condition weakening the bone structure. Unlike a traumatic fracture, which is caused by an external force like a fall or an impact, a pathological fracture is typically the result of the bone being weakened by an underlying pathology. Pathological fractures can occur in any bone in the body but are most commonly seen in the long bones, such as the femur (thigh bone), tibia (shin bone), and humerus (upper arm bone). There are various conditions that can lead to pathological fractures, including: 1. Osteoporosis: A condition characterized by low bone density and deterioration of bone tissue, making bones more susceptible to fractures. 2. Bone tumors: Both benign (non-cancerous) and malignant (cancerous) tumors can weaken the bone structure, increasing the risk of fractures. 3. Metastatic cancer: Cancer that has spread from its original site to the bones can cause bone weakness and increase the risk of fractures. 4. Osteomalacia: A condition characterized by softening of the bones due to vitamin D deficiency or problems with its metabolism. 5. Paget's disease: A chronic condition in which there is abnormal bone remodeling, leading to weaker and more brittle bones. 6. Infections: Certain infections, such as osteomyelitis (bone infection), can weaken the bone structure and increase the risk of fractures. The symptoms of a pathological fracture are similar to those of a traumatic fracture and may include pain, swelling, deformity, and difficulty in moving the affected limb. However, in the case of a pathological fracture, the fracture may occur with minimal trauma or even spontaneously, which can be a clue to the underlying bone pathology. Treatment for a pathological fracture depends on several factors, including the underlying condition, the location and severity of the fracture, and the overall health of the individual.

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